Kuyini Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo? Izibonelo Eziyi-11 Okufanele Uziqaphele
Okuqukethwe
Iyini ngempela iSocial Engineering, noma kunjalo?
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle bubhekisela esenzweni sokukhohlisa abantu ukuze bakhiphe ulwazi lwabo oluyimfihlo. Uhlobo lolwazi olufunwa yizigebengu lungase lwehluke. Ngokuvamile, abantu baqondiswe kumininingwane yabo yasebhange noma amaphasiwedi abo e-akhawunti. Izigebengu ziphinde zizame ukufinyelela ikhompuyutha yesisulu ukuze zifake isofthiwe eyingozi. Le softhiwe ibasiza ukuthi bakhiphe noma yiluphi ulwazi abangase baludinge.
Izigebengu zisebenzisa amasu okuxhumana nabantu ngoba ngokuvamile kulula ukuxhaphaza umuntu ngokuthola ukwethenjwa kwakhe futhi amkholise ukuba alahle imininingwane yakhe siqu. Kuyindlela elula kakhulu kunokugebenga ngokuqondile ikhompuyutha yomuntu ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe.
Izibonelo Zobunjiniyela Bezenhlalakahle
Uzokwazi ukuzivikela kangcono ngokwaziswa ngezindlela ezehlukene okwenziwa ngazo ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo.
1. Ukwenza izaba
I-pretexting isetshenziswa lapho isigebengu sifuna ukuthola imininingwane ebucayi evela kumhlukunyezwa ngokwenza umsebenzi obucayi. Umhlaseli uzama ukuthola ulwazi ngamanga amaningana aklanywe ngokucophelela.
Isigebengu siqala ngokusungula ukwethembana nesisulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuzenza abangani babo, ozakwabo, izikhulu zamabhange, amaphoyisa, noma ezinye iziphathimandla ezingase zicele ulwazi olunjalo olubucayi. Umhlaseli ubabuza uchungechunge lwemibuzo ngezaba zokuqinisekisa ukuthi bangobani futhi uqoqa idatha yomuntu siqu kule nqubo.
Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukukhipha zonke izinhlobo zemininingwane yomuntu siqu nesemthethweni kumuntu. Ulwazi olunjalo lungase luhlanganise amakheli omuntu siqu, izinombolo zokuphepha komphakathi, izinombolo zocingo, amarekhodi ocingo, imininingwane yasebhange, izinsuku zeholide zabasebenzi, imininingwane yezokuphepha ehlobene namabhizinisi, nokunye.
2. Ukweba Okuphambukisayo
Lolu uhlobo lomkhonyovu ngokuvamile oluqondiswe ezinkampanini ezithumela izincwadi nezokuthutha. Isigebengu sizama ukukhohlisa inkampani eqondiwe ngokuyenza inikeze iphakheji yazo yokulethwa endaweni ehlukile yokulethwa kunaleyo ebihloswe yona ekuqaleni. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukweba izimpahla eziyigugu ezilethwa ngeposi.
Lo mkhonyovu ungenziwa ngokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi naku-inthanethi. Izisebenzi eziphethe amaphakheji zingase zithintwe futhi zikholiseke ukuthi zilethe ukulethwa endaweni ehlukile. Abahlaseli bangase futhi bathole ukufinyelela kusistimu yokulethwa kwe-inthanethi. Bangakwazi-ke ukuvimba ishejuli yokulethwa futhi benze izinguquko kuyo.
3. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi
Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi bungenye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zobunjiniyela bezenhlalo. Imikhonyovu yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ibandakanya i-imeyili nemilayezo yombhalo engase idale umuzwa welukuluku, ukwesaba, noma ukuphuthuma kuzisulu. Umbhalo noma i-imeyili ibakhuthaza ukuthi bachofoze izixhumanisi ezingaholela kumawebhusayithi anonya noma okunamathiselwe okungafaka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha kumadivayisi abo.
Isibonelo, abasebenzisi besevisi ye-inthanethi bangase bathole i-imeyili ethi kube noshintsho lwenqubomgomo oludinga ukuthi bashintshe amagama abo ayimfihlo ngokushesha. Imeyili izoqukatha isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi engekho emthethweni efana newebhusayithi yokuqala. Umsebenzisi uzobese efaka imininingwane ye-akhawunti yakhe kuleyo webhusayithi, eyibheka njengesemthethweni. Lapho bethumela imininingwane yabo, imininingwane izotholakala esigebengwini.
4. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi
Lolu uhlobo lobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi obuqondiswe kakhulu kumuntu othile noma inhlangano. Umhlaseli wenza ngokwezifiso imilayezo yakhe ngokusekelwe ezikhundleni zomsebenzi, izici, nezinkontileka ezihlobene nesisulu, ukuze ibonakale iyiqiniso kakhulu. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi budinga umzamo owengeziwe ngasohlangothini lwesigebengu futhi kungase kuthathe isikhathi esiningi kunobugebengu obuvamile. Kodwa-ke, zinzima kakhulu ukuzibona futhi zinezinga lempumelelo elingcono.
Isibonelo, umhlaseli ozama ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi enkampanini uzothumela i-imeyili kusisebenzi esizenza umeluleki we-IT wenkampani. I-imeyili izofakwa kuhlaka ngendlela efana ncamashi nendlela umeluleki akwenza ngayo. Kuzobonakala kuyiqiniso ngokwanele ukukhohlisa umamukeli. I-imeyili izotshela isisebenzi ukuthi sishintshe iphasiwedi yaso ngokusinika isixhumanisi sekhasi lewebhu elinonya elizorekhoda ulwazi lwaso bese liyithumela kumhlaseli.
5. Ukubhoboza Amanzi
Umkhonyovu we-water-holing usebenzisa amawebhusayithi athembekile avakashelwa njalo abantu abaningi. Isigebengu sizoqoqa ulwazi olumayelana neqembu eliqondiwe labantu ukuze sinqume ukuthi yimaphi amawebhusayithi esivame ukuwavakashela. Lawa mawebhusayithi azobe esehlolelwa ubungozi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilungu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kuleli qembu lizotheleleka. Umhlaseli uzokwazi ukufinyelela kusistimu evikelekile yalaba basebenzisi abangenwe yileli gciwane.
Igama livela esifanisweni sendlela izilwane eziphuza ngayo amanzi ngokubuthana ezindaweni ezizithembile lapho zomile. Abacabangi kabili ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyakuqaphela lokhu, ngakho zilinda eduze, zilungele ukuzihlasela lapho ukuqapha kwazo sekuphansi. Ukufakwa kwamanzi endaweni yedijithali kungasetshenziswa ukwenza okunye ukuhlasela okulimaza kakhulu iqembu labasebenzisi abasengozini ngesikhathi esisodwa.
6. Ukubhebha
Njengoba kubonakala kuleli gama, ukuyenga kuhilela ukusebenzisa isithembiso esingamanga ukuze kuvuse ilukuluku noma ukuhaha kwalowo oyisisulu. Isisulu sihehwa ogibeni lwedijithali oluzosiza isigebengu sintshontshe imininingwane yaso noma sifake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kumasistimu aso.
Ukuncenga kungenzeka ngazo zombili izindlela eziku-inthanethi nezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Njengesibonelo esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, isigebengu singase sishiye isihenqo ngendlela ye-flash drive etheleleke ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ezindaweni ezisobala. Lokhu kungase kube ikheshi, igumbi lokugezela, indawo yokupaka, njll., yenkampani ehlosiwe. I-flash drive izoba nokubukeka kwayo okuyiqiniso, okuzokwenza isisulu asithathe futhi asifake emsebenzini wakhe noma kukhompuyutha yasekhaya. I-flash drive izobe isithumela ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ohlelweni.
Izinhlobo zokuyenga eziku-inthanethi zingase zibe ngendlela yezikhangiso ezikhangayo nezihehayo ezingakhuthaza izisulu ukuthi zizichofoze. Isixhumanisi singadawuniloda izinhlelo ezinonya, ezizobe sezithelela ikhompuyutha yazo ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
7. I-Quid Pro Quo
Ukuhlasela kwe-quid pro quo kusho ukuhlasela "okuthile kokuthile". Kungukuhluka kwendlela yokudoba. Esikhundleni sokuyenga izisulu ngesithembiso senzuzo, ukuhlasela kwe-quid pro quo kuthembisa isevisi uma isenzo esithile senziwe. Umhlaseli unikeza inzuzo yomgunyathi kulowo ohlukunyezwe ukuze athole ukufinyelela noma ulwazi.
Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yalokhu kuhlasela yilapho isigebengu sizenza izisebenzi ze-IT zenkampani. Isigebengu sibe sesithinta abasebenzi benkampani futhi sibanikeze isofthiwe entsha noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu. Umsebenzi uzobe esecelwa ukuthi akhubaze isofthiwe yakhe yokulwa namagciwane noma afake isofthiwe eyingozi uma efuna ukuthuthukiswa.
8. Ukuthunga umsila
I-tailgating attack ibizwa nangokuthi i-piggybacking. Kubandakanya isigebengu esifuna ukungena ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhawulelwe engenazo izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ezifanele. Isigebengu singakwazi ukungena ngokungena ngemva komunye umuntu ogunyazwe ukungena endaweni.
Njengesibonelo, isigebengu singase sizenze umshayeli odilivayo onezandla ezigcwele amaphakheji. Ulinda isisebenzi esigunyaziwe ukuthi singene emnyango. Umkhohlisi odilivayo ube esecela isisebenzi ukuthi simbambele umnyango, ngaleyo ndlela simvumele ukuthi afinyelele ngaphandle kokugunyazwa.
9. I-honeytrap
Leli qhinga libandakanya isigebengu esizenza umuntu okhangayo ku-inthanethi. Umuntu wenza ubungane nabahlosile futhi wenza ubudlelwano be-inthanethi nabo mbumbulu. Isigebengu sibe sesithatha leli thuba lobudlelwano ukuze sikhiphe imininingwane yomuntu siqu yezisulu zabo, siboleke imali kubo, noma sibenze bafake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha kumakhompyutha abo.
Igama elithi 'honeytrap' livela kumaqhinga amadala ezinhloli lapho abesifazane babesetshenziselwa ukukhomba amadoda.
10. Isikhohlakali
Isoftware ekhohlakele ingase ivele ngendlela yokulwa nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, isithwebuli esikhohlakele, i-rogue scareware, anti-spyware, njalonjalo. Lolu hlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ludukisa abasebenzisi ekukhokheleni isofthiwe elingisiwe noma mbumbulu ethembise ukususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Isoftware yezokuphepha ekhohlakele isiphenduke ukukhathazeka okukhulayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. Umsebenzisi ongaqaphile angase abe yisisulu sesofthiwe enjalo, etholakala ngobuningi.
11. I-Malware
Inhloso yokuhlasela kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukwenza isisulu sifake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kumasistimu abo. Umhlaseli ukhohlisa imizwa yomuntu ukuze enze isisulu sivumele uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemilayezo esheshayo, imilayezo yombhalo, inkundla yezokuxhumana, i-imeyili, njll., ukuthumela imilayezo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi. Le milayezo ikhohlisa isisulu ukuthi sichofoze isixhumanisi esizovula iwebhusayithi equkethe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
Amaqhinga okuthusa ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa imilayezo. Bangase bathi kukhona okungalungile nge-akhawunti yakho futhi kufanele uchofoze ngokushesha isixhumanisi esinikeziwe ukuze ungene ku-akhawunti yakho. Isixhumanisi sizobe sesikwenza ukuthi ulande ifayela lapho uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luzofakwa khona kukhompyutha yakho.
Hlala Uqaphele, Hlala Uphephile
Ukuzigcina unolwazi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuzivikela kukho ukuhlaselwa kobunjiniyela bezenhlalo. Ithiphu eliyisisekelo ukungaziba noma yimiphi imilayezo ecela iphasiwedi yakho noma ulwazi lwezezimali. Ungasebenzisa izihlungi zogaxekile eziza namasevisi akho e-imeyili ukuze umake ama-imeyili anjalo. Ukuthola isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane kuzosiza futhi ukuvikela isistimu yakho.
