Ukweqa Ukuhlolwa Kwe-inthanethi nge-TOR
Isingeniso
Ezweni lapho ukufinyelela Imininingwane kuya ngokuya kulawulwa, Amathuluzi njengenethiwekhi ye-Tor isibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni inkululeko yedijithali. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izifunda, abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi (ama-ISP) noma izindikimba zikahulumeni zingase zivimbe ukufinyelela ku-TOR, zivimbele ikhono labasebenzisi lokudlula ukucwaninga. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi abantu banganqoba kanjani le mikhawulo besebenzisa amabhuloho nezinto zokuhamba ezixhumeka ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-TOR.
I-TOR kanye ne-Censorship
I-TOR, okufushane kokuthi “I-Onion Router,” isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphequlule i-inthanethi ngokungaziwa ngokuhambisa ithrafikhi yabo ngochungechunge lwamanodi, noma ama-relay, asetshenziswa amavolontiya emhlabeni wonke. Le nqubo isiza ukufihla ubunikazi bomsebenzisi nendawo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi izinkampani zangaphandle zilandelele imisebenzi yazo eku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni lapho ukucwaninga kwe-inthanethi kuvame khona, ama-ISP noma izinhlangano zikahulumeni zingase zivimbe ukufinyelela ku-TOR, zikhawulele amandla abasebenzisi okusebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuze bathole ulwazi olungahloliwe.
Amabhuloho kanye namachweba axhumekayo
Indlela eyodwa evamile esetshenziswa ama-ISP ukuvimba ukufinyelela ku-TOR iwukuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhume ekusakazweni okwaziwayo esidlangalaleni. Ukuze kweqe lo mkhawulo, i-TOR inikeza isisombululo esaziwa ngokuthi amabhuloho. Amabhuloho awukudluliswa okuyimfihlo okungafakwanga ohlwini esidlangalaleni, okuwenza kube nzima kakhulu kuma-ISPs ukuwakhomba nokuwavimba. Ngokusebenzisa amabhuloho, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukudlula izindlela zokuvimbela ezisetshenziswa ama-ISP futhi bafinyelele inethiwekhi ye-Tor ngokungaziwa.
Ngokungeziwe ekuvimbeleni ukufinyelela ekusakazweni okwaziwayo, ama-ISP angase futhi aqaphe ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi yabasebenzisi ngamaphethini ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-TOR. Izinto zokuthutha ezixhumayo zinikeza isisombululo sale nkinga ngokuphazamisa ithrafikhi ye-TOR ukuze ibonakale njengethrafikhi ye-inthanethi evamile. Ngokufihla ithrafikhi ye-TOR njengokunye, njengamakholi wevidiyo noma ukuvakasha kwewebhusayithi, izinto zokuhamba ezixhumeka kalula zisiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bagweme ukutholwa futhi badlule izinyathelo zokuhlola ezibekwe ama-ISP.
Asetshenziswa Kanjani Amabhuloho kanye Nezokuthutha Ezixhunywayo
Ukusebenzisa amabhuloho nezinto zokuthutha ezixhunywayo, abasebenzisi bangalandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Vakashela i-bridges.torproject.org ukuze uthole amakheli ebhuloho.
- Khetha uhlobo lwezokuthutha oluxhumeka olufiswayo (isb, obfs4, meek).
- Kungenjalo, uma iwebhusayithi ye-TOR Project ivinjiwe, abasebenzisi bangathumela i-imeyili ku-bridges@torproject.org ngomugqa wesihloko othi “thola ezokuthutha obfs4” (noma ezokuthutha ezifunwayo) ukuze bathole amakheli ebhuloho nge-imeyili.
- Lungiselela isiphequluli se-TOR noma elinye iklayenti le-Tor ukuze usebenzise amabhuloho nezinto zokuthutha ezixhunywayo.
- Xhuma kunethiwekhi ye-TOR usebenzisa amakheli ebhuloho anikeziwe.
- Qinisekisa ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi ye-TOR ngokubheka isimo sokuxhuma ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli se-Tor noma iklayenti.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, amabhuloho nezinto ezixhunywayo zithuthwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokudlula ukucwaninga kwe-inthanethi futhi zifinyelele inethiwekhi ye-Tor ezifundeni lapho ukufinyelela kukhawulelwe khona. Ngokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa okuyimfihlo kanye nokufiphaza ithrafikhi ye-Tor, abasebenzisi bangavikela ubumfihlo babo futhi bafinyelele ulwazi olungahloliwe ku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinyathelo kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela uma kunesidingo, futhi abasebenzisi kufanele baqaphele ukuze baqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwemisebenzi yabo eku-inthanethi.
Kulabo abafuna ezinye izixazululo zokuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi, izinketho ezifana ne-HailBytes SOCKS5 ummeleli ku-AWS inikeza izindlela ezengeziwe zokudlula imikhawulo kuyilapho kugcinwa uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo noluvikelekile. Ukwengeza, i-HailBytes VPN ne-GoPhish zinikeza amanye amakhono okuthuthukisa ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.
