I-Malware: Ukuqonda Izinhlobo, Izingozi, kanye Nokuvimbela
Isingeniso:
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, amakhompyutha kanye ne-inthanethi sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu. Njengoba sithembele kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, siphinde sibhekane nezinsongo ezikhulayo ezivela kuma-software anonya, ngokuvamile aziwa ngokuthi uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungabangela izinkinga eziningi, kusukela ekuntshontsheni okomuntu siqu Imininingwane ekulawuleni ikhompuyutha yakho noma inethiwekhi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ubungozi bazo, kanye nendlela yokuzigwema.
Izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha:
- Igciwane: Igciwane uhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluthelela uhlelo noma ifayela kukhompuyutha yakho bese lisakazekela kwamanye amafayela noma izinhlelo. Igciwane lingabangela izinkinga eziningi, njengokusula amafayela noma ukuphahlazeka isistimu yakho.
- Izikelemu: Isibungu wuhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olusabalele kunethiwekhi, luziphindaphinde ukusuka kwenye ikhompuyutha kuya kwenye. Izikelemu zingadala umonakalo omkhulu kumanethiwekhi ngokudla umkhawulokudonsa, ukunciphisa amasistimu, ngisho nokuphahlazeka kwawo wonke amanethiwekhi.
- I-Trojans: I-Trojan iwuhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha elizifihla njengohlelo olusemthethweni, ngokuvamile elizenza ithuluzi eliwusizo noma umdlalo. Uma isifakiwe, i-Trojan ingantshontsha ulwazi lomuntu siqu, ilawule ikhompuyutha yakho, noma ilande ezinye izinhlobo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
- I-Ransomware: I-Ransomware iwuhlobo lohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olufihla amafayela akho futhi ifune inkokhelo yesihlengo ukuze iwavule. I-Ransomware ingaba yingozi ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi nakubantu abathembele kudatha ebalulekile.
Izingozi zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha:
- Ukwebiwa kwedatha: Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungasetshenziswa ukweba ulwazi lomuntu siqu, njengamagama abasebenzisi, amagama ayimfihlo, nezinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu.
- Ukulimala kwesistimu: Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungadala umonakalo omkhulu kukhompuyutha noma inethiwekhi yakho, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwedatha kanye nokulungiswa okumba eqolo.
- Ukulahlekelwa kwezimali: Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungasetshenziselwa ukweba imali kuma-akhawunti asebhange, ukuthenga okungagunyaziwe, nokwenza ezinye izinhlobo zokukhwabanisa kwezezimali.
Ukuvinjelwa Kwe-Malware:
- Faka isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane: Isofthiwe ye-antivirus yakhelwe ukuthola nokukhipha uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha yakho. Njalo buyekeza isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingathola izinsongo zakamuva.
- Gcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini samanje: Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amapeshi okuvikela alungisa ubungozi obungase busetshenziswe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
- Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile: Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuwaqagela futhi ongawasebenzisi afanayo iphasiwedi kuma-akhawunti amaningi.
- Gwema izixhumanisi nokulanda okusolisayo: Qaphela ama-imeyili, amawebhusayithi, nokulanda okuvela emithonjeni engathenjwa. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luvamise ukusabalala ukuphinga ama-imeyili nezixhumanisi zokulanda ezingamanga.
Isiphetho:
Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luyingozi enkulu ekuvikelekeni kwamakhompyutha ethu namanethiwekhi. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezihlukene zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ubungozi bazo, kanye nendlela yokuzivimbela, singazivikela kangcono thina nedatha yethu. Ngokulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, singanciphisa ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha futhi siqinisekise ukuthi izimpilo zethu zedijithali zihlala zivikelekile.
