Ukuphakama Kwe-Hacktivism | Iyini Imithelela Ku-Cybersecurity?
Isingeniso
Ngokukhula kwe-inthanethi, umphakathi uthole uhlobo olusha lobushoshovu - i-hacktivism. I-Hacktivism ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukukhuthaza i-ajenda yezepolitiki noma yezenhlalo. Yize abanye abagebengu bezama ukusekela izimbangela ezithile, abanye bazibandakanya ku-cybervandalism, okuwukusetshenziswa kokugebenga ngenhloso yokulimaza noma ukuphazamisa amasistimu ekhompyutha.
Iqembu elingaziwa lingelinye lamaqembu aziwa kakhulu e-hacktivist. Bazibandakanye emikhankasweni eminingi esezingeni eliphezulu, efana ne-Operation Payback (impendulo emizamweni yokulwa nobugebengu) kanye ne-Operation Aurora (umkhankaso omelene nobunhloli bukahulumeni waseShayina).
Ngenkathi i-hacktivism ingasetshenziselwa okuhle, ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Isibonelo, amanye amaqembu e-hacktivist ahlasele ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, njengezindawo zokuphehla amandla nezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi. Lokhu kungase kube usongo olukhulu ekuphepheni komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cybervadalism ingabangela ukulimala komnotho futhi iphazamise izinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
Ukunyuka kwe-hacktivism kuholele ekwenyukeni kokukhathazeka mayelana Ukuphepha kwe-cyber. Izinhlangano eziningi manje sezitshala imali ezindleleni zokuphepha ukuze zivikele amasistimu azo ekuhlaselweni. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukuvikela ngokuphelele kubaduni abazimisele nabanekhono. Inqobo nje uma kunabantu abazimisele ukusebenzisa amakhono abo kuma-ajenda ezepolitiki noma ezenhlalo, i-hacktivism izohlala iwusongo ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi.
Izibonelo Ze-Hacktivism Eminyakeni Yamuva
Ukhetho Lukamongameli lwango-2016
Ngesikhathi sokhetho lukamongameli wase-US lwango-2016, amaqembu amaningana ama-hacktivist ahlasela amawebhusayithi omkhankaso wabo bobabili ababengenele ukhetho - uHillary Clinton noDonald Trump. Iwebhusayithi yomkhankaso kaClinton ihlaselwe ukuhlaselwa kwe-distributed denial of service (DDoS), okukhungathe iseva ngethrafikhi futhi kwayibangela ukuba iphahlazeke. Iwebhusayithi yomkhankaso kaTrump nayo yashaywa ngokuhlaselwa kwe-DDoS, kodwa yakwazi ukuhlala ku-inthanethi ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo i-Cloudflare, isevisi evikela ukuhlaselwa okunjalo.
Ukhetho lukaMongameli wase-France lwango-2017
Ngesikhathi sokhetho lukamongameli wase-France lwango-2017, amawebhusayithi amaningi omkhankaso wokhetho ahlaselwe yi-DDoS. Abaqokelwe ukungenela ukhetho kubalwa u-Emmanuel Macron (owagcina ephumelele ukhetho), uMarine Le Pen, noFrancois Fillon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-imeyili engamanga ethi iphuma emkhankasweni kaMacron yathunyelwa ezintathelini. I-imeyili ithi uMacron usebenzise i-akhawunti yaphesheya kwezilwandle ukugwema ukukhokha intela. Kodwa-ke, i-imeyili kamuva yadalulwa njengengamanga futhi akucaci ukuthi ngubani obangele lokhu kuhlasela.
I-WannaCry Rhlengware Attack
NgoMeyi ka-2017, ucezu lwe-ransomware olwaziwa nge-WannaCry lwaqala ukusabalala ku-inthanethi yonkana. I-ransomware ibethele amafayela kumakhompyutha angenwe yileli gciwane futhi yafuna isihlengo ukuze iwasuse. I-WannaCry yayilimaza kakhulu ngoba yasebenzisa ukuba sengozini ku-Microsoft Windows ukuze isakazeke ngokushesha futhi ithelele inani elikhulu lamakhompyutha.
Ukuhlasela kwe-WannaCry kuthinte amakhompyutha angaphezu kuka-200,000 emazweni angu-150. Kubangele umonakalo oyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi futhi kwaphazamisa nezinsiza ezibalulekile, njengezibhedlela nezokuthutha. Nakuba lokhu kuhlasela kubonakale kubangelwa ngokuyinhloko inzuzo yemali, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuhlobene nezombusazwe. Isibonelo, iNorth Korea isolwa ngokuba yimbangela yalokhu kuhlasela, nakuba ikuphikile ukubandakanyeka.
Izisusa ezingenzeka ze-Hacktivism
Ziningi izisusa ezingaba khona ze-hacktivism, njengoba amaqembu ahlukene anemigomo nama-ajenda ahlukene. Amanye amaqembu ama-hacktivist angase agqugquzelwe izinkolelo zezombangazwe, kanti amanye angase ashukunyiswe yizizathu zomphakathi. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zezisusa ezingaba khona ze-hacktivism:
Izinkolelo Zezombangazwe
Amanye amaqembu ama-hacktivist enza ukuhlasela ukuze aqhubekisele phambili i-ajenda yawo yezepolitiki. Isibonelo, iqembu elithi Anonymous lihlasele amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene kahulumeni liphikisana nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni eliphikisana nazo. Baphinde bahlasela izinkampani abakholelwa ukuthi zilimaza imvelo noma zenza izenzo eziphambene nezimiso zokuziphatha.
Izizathu Zomphakathi
Amanye amaqembu ama-hacktivist agxila ezindabeni zomphakathi, njengamalungelo ezilwane noma amalungelo abantu. Isibonelo, iqembu i-LulzSec lihlasele amawebhusayithi akholelwa ukuthi abandakanyeka ekuhloleni izilwane. Baphinde bahlasela amawebhusayithi abakholelwa ukuthi avala i-inthanethi noma enza ezinye izinto ezephula inkululeko yokukhuluma.
Inzuzo Yezomnotho
Amanye amaqembu e-hacktivist angase agqugquzelwe inzuzo yezomnotho, nakuba lokhu kuvamile kakhulu kunezinye izisusa. Isibonelo, iqembu elithi Anonymous lihlasele i-PayPal ne-MasterCard liphikisana nesinqumo sabo sokumisa ukucubungula iminikelo ku-WikiLeaks. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu amaningi ama-hacktivist awabonakali ekhuthazwa yinzuzo yezimali.
Yimiphi imiphumela ye-Hacktivism ku-Cybersecurity?
I-Hacktivism ingaba nemiphumela eminingi ku-cybersecurity. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokuthi i-hacktivism ingathinta kanjani i-cybersecurity:
Ukuqwashisa Okunyukile Ngezinsongo Ze-Cybersecurity
Omunye wemiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu ye-hacktivism ukuthi ikhulisa ukuqwashisa ngezinsongo ze-cybersecurity. Amaqembu ama-Hacktivist avame ukukhomba amawebhusayithi anephrofayili ephezulu nezinhlangano, ezingaletha ukunaka ku ukukhubazeka ukuthi bayasizakala. Lokhu kuqwashisa okwengeziwe kungaholela ezindleleni zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, njengoba izinhlangano ziqaphela kakhulu isidingo sokuvikela amanethiwekhi azo.
Izindleko Zokuvikeleka Ezikhulisiwe
Omunye umphumela we-hacktivism ukuthi unganyusa izindleko zokuphepha. Izinhlangano kungase kudingeke ukuthi zitshale imali ezinyathelweni zokuphepha ezengeziwe, ezifana namasistimu okuthola ukungena noma izinqamuleli zomlilo. Bangase futhi badinge ukuqasha abasebenzi abaningi ukuze baqaphe amanethiwekhi abo ukuze bathole izimpawu zokuhlasela. Lezi zindleko ezikhuphukile zingaba umthwalo ezinhlanganweni, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane.
Ukuphazanyiswa Kwezinsizakalo Ezibalulekile
Omunye umphumela we-hacktivism ukuthi ingaphazamisa izinsiza ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ukuhlasela kwe-WannaCry kuphazamise izibhedlela nezinhlelo zokuhamba. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngisho nengozi kubantu abathembele kulezi zinsizakalo.
Njengoba ubona, i-hacktivism ingaba nemiphumela eyahlukene ku-cybersecurity. Yize eminye yale miphumela imihle, njengokuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngezinsongo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, eminye mibi, njengokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphepha noma ukuphazamiseka kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile. Sekukonke, imiphumela ye-hacktivism ku-cybersecurity iyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuyibikezela.
