Intro
Ngokuchofoza okumbalwa kudeskithophu noma idivayisi, umuntu angathenga, athengise noma ashicilele noma yini, noma nini. Impela kwenzeka kanjani? Kwenza kanjani Imininingwane kusuka khona lapha kuya lapho? Iqhawe elingaziwa yi-API.
Iyini i-API?
I-API imele i- INTERFACE YOKUHLELA ISICELO. I-API iveza ingxenye yesofthiwe, ukusebenza kwayo, okokufaka, okuphumayo, nezinhlobo eziwumsuka. Kepha uyichaza kanjani i-API ngesiNgisi esilula? I-API isebenza njengesigijimi esidlulisa isicelo sakho sisuka kuhlelo lokusebenza futhi sibuyisele impendulo kuwe.
Isibonelo 1: Uma useshela izindiza ku-inthanethi. Uhlanganyela newebhusayithi yenkampani yezindiza. Iwebhusayithi ichaza indawo yokuhlala kanye nezindleko zendiza ngalolo suku nesikhathi. Ukhetha ukudla kwakho noma indawo yokuhlala, imithwalo, noma izicelo zesilwane esifuywayo.
Kodwa, uma ungasebenzisi iwebhusayithi eqondile yenkampani yezindiza noma futhi usebenzisa i-ejenti yezokuvakasha eku-inthanethi ehlanganisa idatha yezinkampani zezindiza eziningi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi, uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisana ne-API yenkampani yezindiza. I-API isixhumi esibonakalayo esithatha idatha isuka kuwebhusayithi ye-ejenti yezokuvakasha iyise ohlelweni lwenkampani yezindiza.
Iphinde ithathe impendulo yenkampani yezindiza futhi ilethe khona lapho. Lokhu kusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwesevisi yezokuvakasha, kanye 'nezinhlelo zendiza -ukubhukha indiza. I-API's ihlanganisa umtapo wezincwadi wezinqubo, izakhiwo zedatha, amakilasi ezinto, nokuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, izinsizakalo ze-SOAP ne-REST.
Isibonelo 2: I-Best Buy yenza intengo ye-Deal of the Day ibe ekhethekile ngewebhusayithi yayo. Le datha efanayo ikuhlelo lwayo lokusebenza lweselula. Uhlelo lokusebenza alukhathazeki ngohlelo lwangaphakathi lwamanani entengo - lungashayela i-Deal of the Day API bese lubuza ukuthi, iyiphi intengo ekhethekile? I-Best Buy iphendula ngolwazi oluceliwe ngefomethi evamile eboniswa uhlelo lokusebenza kumsebenzisi wokugcina.
Isibonelo3: Ama-API ezinkundla zokuxhumana abalulekile. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela okuqukethwe futhi bagcine inombolo yama-akhawunti namaphasiwedi abawagcina ephansi, ukuze bakwazi ukugcina izinto zilula.
- I-Twitter API: Sebenzisana nemisebenzi eminingi ye-Twitter
- I-Facebook API: Ngezinkokhelo, idatha yomsebenzisi, nokungena ngemvume
- I-Instagram API: Tag abasebenzisi, buka izithombe ezihamba phambili
Kuthiwani nge-REST & SOAP API's?
SOAP futhi I-REST sebenzisa isevisi ye-API-consuming, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Web API. Isevisi yewebhu ayincikile kunoma yiluphi ulwazi lwangaphambili lolwazi. I-SOAP iphrothokholi yesevisi yewebhu engasindi ezimele. I-SOAP iphrothokholi yemiyalezo esekwe ku-XML. Ngokungafani nensizakalo yewebhu ye-SOAP, isevisi yokuphumula isebenzisa izakhiwo ze-REST, ezakhelwe ukuxhumana kwephoyinti kuya kwephuzu.
Isevisi yewebhu ye-SOAP
- Umthumeli We-SOAP - ukudala nokudlulisa umlayezo.
- Isamukeli Sensipho - sithola futhi sicubungule umlayezo.
- I-SOAP Intermediary- ithola futhi icubungule amabhlogo wesihloko.
I-RESTful Web Service
IRepresentational State Transfer (REST) ihlobene nobudlelwano phakathi kweklayenti neseva kanye nendlela isimo esisebenza ngayo. Isakhiwo sokuphumula, Iseva ye-REST inikeza ukufinyelela kwensiza kuklayenti. Ukuphumula kusingatha ukufunda nokulungisa noma ukubhala izinsiza. I-Uniform Identifier (URI) ihlonza izinsiza ezizoqukatha idokhumenti. Lokhu kuzothwebula isimo sensiza.
I-REST ilula kunesakhiwo se-SOAP. Incozulula i-JSON, ulimi olufundeka umuntu oluvumela ukwabelana kwedatha futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa idatha, esikhundleni se-XML esetshenziswa ukwakheka kwe-SOAP.
Kunezimiso ezimbalwa zokuklama Isevisi Yewebhu Yokuphumula, okuyilezi:
- Ukufinyeleleka - Insiza ngayinye kufanele ibe ne-URL okungenani eyodwa.
- Ukungabi nasimo - Isevisi Ezolile iyisevisi engenasimo. Isicelo sizimele kunoma yiziphi izicelo zesikhathi esidlule zesevisi. I-HTTP ngokwakhiwa iyiphrothokholi engenasimo.
- I-Cacheable - Idatha emakwe njengezitolo ezigcinwe kunqolobane ohlelweni futhi iphinde isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Njengempendulo esicelweni esifanayo esikhundleni sokukhiqiza imiphumela efanayo. Imikhawulo yenqolobane inika amandla ukumaka idatha yempendulo njengegcinekayo noma engagcineki.
- Isixhumi esibonakalayo Esifanayo - Ivumela isixhumi esibonakalayo esivamile nesisezingeni ukuze sisetshenziselwe ukufinyelela. Ukusetshenziswa kweqoqo elichaziwe lezindlela ze-HTTP. Ukuthobela le mibono kuqinisekisa, ukuqaliswa kwe-REST akulula.
Izinzuzo ze-REST
- Isebenzisa ifomethi elula yemilayezo
- Inikeza ukusebenza kahle okuqinile kwesikhathi eside
- Isekela ukuxhumana okungenasimo
- Sebenzisa amazinga e-HTTP nohlelo lolimi
- Idatha iyatholakala njengesisetshenziswa
Ukungalungi kwe-REST
- Iyahluleka kumazinga esevisi yewebhu njengemisebenzi yokuphepha njll.
- Izicelo ze-REST azinakulinganiswa
REST vs SOAP Ukuqhathanisa
Umehluko phakathi kwezinsizakalo zewebhu ze-SOAP ne-REST.
Isevisi yewebhu ye-SOAP | Isevisi Yewebhu Yokuphumula |
Idinga ukukhokhelwa okokufaka okusindayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-REST. | I-REST ayisindi njengoba isebenzisa i-URI kumafomu edatha. |
Ukushintsha kumasevisi e-SOAP ngokuvamile kuholela ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo kwekhodi ohlangothini lweklayenti. | Ikhodi yohlangothi lweklayenti ayithintwa ushintsho ezinsizeni ekunikezelweni kwewebhu kwe-REST. |
Uhlobo lokubuyisela luhlala luwuhlobo lwe-XML. | Inikeza ukuguquguquka ngokuphathelene nefomu ledatha ebuyisiwe. |
Iphrothokholi yomlayezo esekelwe ku-XML | Iphrothokholi yezakhiwo |
Idinga ilabhulali ye-SOAP ekugcineni kweklayenti. | Alukho usekelo lwelabhulali oludingekayo ngokuvamile ku-HTTP. |
Isekela i-WS-Security ne-SSL. | Isekela i-SSL ne-HTTPS. |
I-SOAP ichaza ukuphepha kwayo. | Amasevisi ewebhu aphumulayo azuza njengefa izinyathelo zokuphepha kusukela kwezokuthutha ezikhona. |
Izinhlobo zezinqubomgomo zokukhishwa kwe-API
Izinqubomgomo zokukhishwa ze-API yilezi:
Izinqubomgomo zokukhishwa okuyimfihlo:
I-API itholakalela ukusetshenziswa kwenkampani yangaphakathi kuphela.
Izinqubomgomo zokukhishwa kozakwethu:
I-API itholakala kuphela kozakwethu abathile bebhizinisi. Izinkampani zingakwazi ukulawula ikhwalithi ye-API ngenxa yokulawula ukuthi ubani ongafinyelela kuyo.
Izinqubomgomo zokukhishwa komphakathi:
I-API ngeyokusetshenziswa umphakathi. Ukutholakala kwezinqubomgomo zokukhishwa kutholakalela umphakathi. Isibonelo: I-Microsoft Windows API ne-Apple's Cocoa.
Isiphetho
Ama-API akhona yonke indawo, noma ngabe ubhukha indiza noma uzibandakanya nezinhlelo zokusebenza zenkundla yezokuxhumana. I-SOAP API isekelwe kwezokuxhumana ze-XML, ihlukile ku-REST API ngoba ayidingi ukumiswa okukhethekile.
Ukudizayina amasevisi eWebhu Yokuphumula kufanele kuhambisane nemiqondo ethile, okuhlanganisa ukulungiseka, ukungabi nasimo, ukulondolozwa kwesikhashana, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile. Imithetho yokukhishwa kwe-API ingase ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: ama-API ayimfihlo, ama-API ozakwethu, nama-API asesidlangalaleni.
Ngiyabonga ngokufunda lesi sihloko. Bheka isihloko sethu esithi Umhlahlandlela woku Ukuphepha kwe-API 2022.
