Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi ngelebula lenombolo elinikezwe amadivayisi abamba iqhaza kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Isetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokubeka lawa madivayisi kunethiwekhi.
Yonke idivayisi exhuma ku-inthanethi inekheli layo le-IP elihlukile. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizoxoxa ngakho konke onakho odinga ukukwazi mayelana namakheli e-IP! Sizofaka ukuthi asetshenziswa kanjani, anikezwa kanjani, kanye nezinye zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakheli e-IP atholakalayo. Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole okwengeziwe Imininingwane!
Amakheli e-IP adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumekeni. Asetshenziselwa ukukhomba amadivayisi kunethiwekhi futhi abekwe ukuze idatha ihanjiswe ngendlela efanele. Ngaphandle kwamakheli e-IP, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedatha kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ku-inthanethi!
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakheli e-IP akhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakheli e-IP: IPv(Internet Protocol Version) amakheli kanye MAC (Media Access Control) amakheli.
Amakheli e-IPv awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekheli le-IP. Anikezwa kumadivayisi ngabalawuli benethiwekhi futhi asetshenziselwa ukukhomba amadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakheli e-MAC anikezwa abakhiqizi futhi asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza idivayisi ethile ngokukhethekile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakheli e-IPv akhona?
Amakheli e-IPv eza ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene: static kanye ne-dynamic. Amakheli e-IP amile awapheli futhi awashintshi. Lokhu kuzenza zibe zinhle kumaseva noma kumadivayisi adinga ukufinyelelwa njalo ekhelini elithile. Amakheli e-IP anamandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yiseva ye-DHCP lapho idivayisi ixhuma kunethiwekhi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakheli e-MAC akhona?
Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zamakheli e-MAC: i-unicast ne-multicast. Amakheli e-Unicast MAC asetshenziselwa ukukhomba idivayisi eyodwa kunethiwekhi. Amakheli e-MAC amaningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asetshenziselwa ukukhomba iqembu lamadivayisi.
Yilokho kuphela okwamanje! Sithemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kukusize uqonde kangcono ukuthi liyini ikheli le-IP nokuthi lisebenza kanjani. Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namanethiwekhi kokuthunyelwe okuzayo! Siyabonga ngokufunda!
